Mexico and United States

Mexican long-nosed bat

A 1,200-km nectar corridor between Mexico and the United States fuels the migration of three species of nectar-feeding bats, including the endangered Mexican long-nosed bat. With population declines of 50% over the past few decades and with fewer than 10,000 individuals estimated to remain, restoring this migratory nectar corridor is critical to bring this species back from the brink of extinction.

Bacanora, the “Little Bat,” and Blooming Agaves

From his ranch in the Sonoran Desert of northwestern Mexico, Osvaldo Coronado talks of how agave plants have sustained his family for generations. Osvaldo and his family produce bacanora, a distilled spirit similar to tequila and mezcal. Bats play a vital role in sustaining agaves and Osvaldo’s family. As he says: “We raise a glass to the bat and the blossom, and to the interconnectedness of our lives.”

Saving Bats by Planting Agaves

Bat conservationist Kristen Lear is on a mission to save migrating bats. Her work engages people throughout the U.S. Southwest and Mexico in planting agaves across arid landscapes. Blooming agaves provide pregnant bats with enough nectar to fly hundreds of miles and give birth. Bonus: when bats sip agave nectar, they help pollinate and propagate new agaves.

Bats are Fascinating

Bats get a bad rap, and are surrounded by unfair biases. But dig a little deeper and you’ll find bats fascinating. Did you know that when Mexican long-nosed bats give birth, their bat pup is one-third their size?

Preserving Deserts For Future Generations

Preserving vast deserts in Mexico and the U.S. Southwest depends on sustaining vegetation and pollinators. Agaves feed desert wildlife and stabilize soil. Bats help propagate agaves and cacti. Millions of acres are at risk without human engagement in collaborative practices. Preserving desert landscapes is essential for healthy ecosystems, clean water, and thriving economies for future generations.

RESTORING A NECTAR CORRIDOR FOR THREATENED BATS

BCI’s Agave Restoration Initiative is restoring keystone agave plants and agave ecosystems across Mexico and the Southwest U.S., creating a climate-resilient migratory corridor for 3 species of threatened and endangered pollinating bats. Our landscape-level initiative works at the scale needed to restore foraging habitat for these long-distance migrators. Our full restoration pipeline links regional seed networks, community and NGO nurseries, degraded land restoration, climate-informed outplanting, monitoring with novel tools like eDNA, and capacity building and knowledge-sharing mechanisms to scale our impact.

The Agave Restoration Initiative currently spans 9 Mexican and U.S. states, with over 100 partners including rural communities, private ranchers, local NGOs, federal and state agencies, universities, and companies.

 
Horizonline Pictures

The Need

Across Mexico and the Southwest United States, agaves are keystone plants supporting rural livelihoods, economies, and healthy ecosystems. Valued for food and drink products such as tequila and mezcal, as well as for livestock fodder and traditional materials, agaves also stabilize soils, prevent erosion, protect water resources, and sustain diverse wildlife.

Critically, agaves are the only natural food source for Endangered Mexican long-nosed bat (Leptonycteris nivalis) mothers to successfully raise their young. Agaves are also a critical food source for two other threatened pollinating bats: the lesser long-nosed bat (Leptonycteris yerbabuenae) and Mexican long-tongued bat (Choeronycteris mexicana).

These bats rely on a connected nectar corridor of agave plants to complete their migrations and raise their young. However, with decades of overgrazing, agricultural expansion, unsustainable harvest, drought, and climate impacts, agaves are disappearing. Loss and fragmentation of agave habitat is pushing the Mexican long-nosed bat to the brink of extinction. With less than 50% of the population remaining, restoration of agaves has been identified as a priority Recovery Action for the species. Restoring agaves also supports continued recovery of the lesser long-nosed bat, which was removed from the U.S. Endangered Species Act in 2018 but remains in need of conservation effort.

 

Our Approach

Through the Agave Restoration Initiative, BCI is leading the charge to restore the bi-national nectar corridor for these threatened pollinating bats. Working at a landscape scale with over 100 partners, we work at the intersection of bat conservation, land restoration, regenerative agriculture and ranching, and rural economic development.

BCI co-creates actions with local NGOs, Indigenous Peoples, ejidos, ranchers, rural producers, universities, and government agencies that simultaneously protect bats from extinction and support local livelihoods. Guided by a shared vision, our community-driven approach advances local priorities, adapts to ecological and socio-economic conditions, and emphasizes participatory planning, implementation, and monitoring.

With our partners, we:

  • Collect locally-appropriate agave seeds and support community nurseries to grow agaves and other locally-important plants.
  • Use climate modeling and local ecological knowledge to identify priority restoration sites.
  • Restore soils, water systems, native grasses, and plants that support agaves.
  • Design sustainable land management plans and implement regenerative grazing and agriculture.
  • Support community green businesses that regenerate ecosystems and strengthen local economies.
  • Build local capacity through training, peer-to-peer exchanges, regional networks, and education programs.

We also develop innovative tools, including eDNA monitoring for pollinating bats and creative finance mechanisms, such as a nursery loan guarantee program, to expand restoration impact.

Finally, we collaborate with government agencies to integrate agaves and pollinating bats into state and federal conservation planning and guide energy development to protect these keystone species.

 

Our Impact

Launched in 2018, the Agave Restoration Initiative now spans nine states: Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas in the United States; and Coahuila, Chihuahua, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Sonora, and Zacatecas in Mexico.

The initiative demonstrates not only meaningful impact for Endangered bats and their habitats, but also tangible, on-the-ground socio-ecological benefit.

At a broader scale, the Agave Restoration Initiative provides a replicable model for restoring connected migratory corridors worldwide.

We Belong Together

Bats and agaves rely on each other for survival. Protecting and restoring agave habitat is critical, not just for bats, but for the ecosystems and communities that rely on them. Discover our stories, photos, and videos to learn more.

Project News

  • Lesser long-nosed bat feeds from agave flower
    Podcast

    Science Friday Interview

    BCI’s Agave Restoration Program Director, Dr. Kristen Lear, shares about our work to restore a bi-national agave corridor with Science Friday.

    Listen Now
  • Feature

    BBC “Living Legacy” Series

    A BBC StoryWorks Living Legacy feature highlights the Agave Restoration Initiative’s efforts to conserve the Mexican long-nosed bat and the agave landscapes it depends on.

    Read More
  • Award

    Recovery Champions

    BCI’s Agave Restoration Initiative Team was awarded the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Recovery Champion Award, recognizing our outstanding work to protect and recover threatened species.

    See More

agave Program Resources

About the Bats

Leptonycteris nivalis
Phyllostomidae
Leptonycteris yerbabuenae
Phyllostomidae
Choeronycteris mexicana
Phyllostomidae

The Agave Team

Kristen Lear, Ph.D.

Agave Restoration Program Director

Kristen Lear, Ph.D. – Agave Restoration Program Director

Dr. Lear has over 15 years of global leadership in community-based bat conservation, interdisciplinary research, collaborative partnerships, and public engagement. She is the Director of BCI’s Agave Restoration Initiative, leading bi-national efforts to restore habitat for threatened pollinating bats and strengthen sustainable rural livelihoods across the U.S. Southwest and Mexico. She oversees strategic planning for the initiative, fundraising, and partnerships with over 100 multi-sectoral partners, while pioneering novel conservation tools such as eDNA to guide species recovery.

Dr. Lear is Co-Founder of the Nivalis Conservation Network and co-led revision of the Mexican long-nosed bat Species Status Assessment and Recovery Plan. She also serves on the North American Pollinator Protection Campaign Steering Committee and the Human Dimensions of Bat Conservation Working Group (IUCN SSC Bat Specialist Group). 

An award-winning science communicator, Dr. Lear is passionate about public outreach and has given hundreds of public talks around the world and led numerous bat walks and bat house building workshops. She serves as an expert for media and has appeared on National Geographic’s stage, CBS’s Mission Unstoppable TV show, and numerous podcasts and radio programs. She is a National Geographic Explorer, AAAS IF/THEN Ambassador promoting women and girls in STEM, and a Lifetime Girl Scout. 

Dr. Lear earned her B.A. in Zoology from Ohio Wesleyan University and completed a Fulbright Scholarship in Australia studying the critically endangered Southern bent-wing bat. She earned her Ph.D. in Integrative Conservation from the University of Georgia, where her research combined natural and social sciences to aid in conservation of the endangered Mexican long-nosed bat in northeast Mexico.

More information about Dr. Lear’s work can be found here.

Email: [email protected]

Rachel Burke

Agave Restoration Coordinator

Rachel Burke – Agave Restoration Coordinator

Rachel joined BCI as the Agave Restoration Coordinator in 2023. As part of the Endangered Species Intervention team, Rachel works with the Agave Restoration Program on applied conservation for nectar feeding bats in the southwestern United States. She collaborates with native plant growers, land managers, land owners, and other stakeholders to promote a resilient landscape for nectar feeding bats.

For the past decade, Rachel has been working in wildlife management, ecological monitoring, and habitat restoration across the Chihuahuan and Sonoran Deserts. In 2018, she completed a dual masters program in Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Ecology, and Applied Geography from New Mexico State University. Her thesis work focused on using geospatial modeling to inform applied management and habitat restoration for nectar-feeding bats. Her graduate work brought her to some of the most beautiful parts of the desert sky islands, which quickly became her favorite ecosystem to work in.

Rachel has worked in a variety of positions in the public and private sector, ranging from leading an ecological monitoring crew, analyzing national botany datasets, and working as a federal wildlife biologist for both the Bureau of Land Management and U.S. Forest Service. Outside of work, Rachel can typically be found in her basement pottery studio, working in her garden with her dogs, or training for an ultra on the trails outside of Las Cruces, New Mexico.

Ana Ibarra, Ph. D.

Regional Director, Mexico & Latin America

Regional Director, Mexico & Latin America

Born and raised in Mexico, Ana earned her Ph. D. from University of Miami studying how habitat fragmentation impacts movement of tropical forest birds, until she discovered bats! Ana completed her postdoctoral research and the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) working on bat ecology and conservation. For the last 10 years, she has been dedicated to monitoring the effects that habitat transformation has on bats and their habitats, and how to better prevent, manage and restore bat populations. Ana is an active member of the Mexican Program for the Conservation of Bats (PCMM) where she participates as advisor for conservation, monitoring, and educational programs. She is a Fulbright Scholar and National Geographic Explorer.

Ana joins BCI as the in-country advisor for Endangered Species Interventions in Mexico, aiming to facilitate and expand BCI´s activities in Mexico and Latin America, while promoting collaboration with local partners, and building capacity with local agencies and communities to monitor, manage and conserve bats.

Brianna Mann

Restoration Specialist

Brianna Mann joined BCI as a part-time technician for the Subterranean and Restoration teams in March 2022 before transitioning into a full-time role as a Restoration Specialist in November 2022. Prior to this, Brianna worked in natural history collections, as a springs biologist in the Southwest, and monitored wildlife (including acoustic monitoring of bats) throughout the western United States.

In her current role as Restoration Specialist, Brianna hopes to put her life-long passion for wildlife ecology to good use by protecting habitats for bats and other wildlife, restoring and stabilizing vital natural resources, and monitoring the impacts of habitat changes on wildlife populations. She believes that connection and collaboration are the gateways to successful conservation of the world’s biodiversity.

Brianna lives in Flagstaff Arizona, and in her spare time enjoys all things outdoors, reading, writing, dancing, and a good local brew.

Read More

how to help

A small agave is being planted in the ground. Gloved hands surround the plant.

Grow Agaves For Bats

If you live along the southwest United States or northeast Mexico, you can help these bats by planting native agave species (see below). Check out this booklet we developed with partner Borderlands Restoration Network for more detailed information about agave restoration and planting: Growing Agaves for Bats.

Arizona & Northwestern Mexico: Priority Agave Species for Restoration

Texas, New Mexico, & Northeastern Mexico: Priority Agave Species for Restoration

Support

Protect Bats and Communities

$20 plants an agave for bats and communities in need.

$50 plant agaves to support 10 mother bats and their babies.

$100 helps us restore 1 acre of land along the bats’ migration corridor.

$2,300 funds a nursery for long-term restoration and community benefit.

Key Collaborators

  • Communities and Landowners

    Arteaga
    Chelenzo Farms
    City of Alpine
    Ejido 20 de Noviembre
    Ejido Coyotillos
    Ejido Cuatro Milpas
    Ejido El Saucillo
    Ejido Estanque de Norias
    Ejido Guadalupe Victoria
    Ejido Huertecillas
    Ejido Jaboncillos Grande
    Ejido La Encantada
    Ejido La Reforma
    Ejido Las Huertas
    Ejido Los Encinos
    Ejido Nacimiento Mascogos
    Ejido Norias de Boquillas
    Ejido Potrero de Zamora
    Ejido Salto de Guass
    Ejido San Joaquín de Soto
    Ejido Santa Teresa
    Ejido Tanque de Emergencia
    Ejido Tanque de López, Anexo Salitrillos
    Ejido Tepetate
    Ejido Vanegas de Juárez
    Ejido Zaragoza
    El Melón
    La Camotera
    La Jacinta
    Laguna de Sanchez
    Massey Family
    Mesquite Ranch
    Municipalidad de Hermosillo
    Municipalidad de Sonora
    Piedritas
    Pima County
    Pitchfork Ranch
    Rancho La Rita
    San Carlos Apache Tribe
    San Rafael de los Montalvo
    San Vicente
    Whiskey Creek Zocalo

  • Community Groups

    Arivaca Pollinator Pathway Project
    Bisbee Bloomers
    Doña Ana Village Association
    El Paso Native Plant Society
    Gila Native Plant Society
    Native Plant Society of New Mexico
    Sew What? Club Portal/Rodeo Women’s Group
    Texas Master Naturalists
    Tucson Agave Heritage Festival

  • Organizations

    Alternativas para el Desarrollo, A.C.
    Amigos de la Sierra, A.C.
    Arizona Land and Water Trust
    Asombro Institute for Science Education
    BATTUS
    Bioconciencia, A.C.
    Borderlands Restoration Network
    Chihuahuan Desert Research Institute
    Colectivo Caminantes del Desierto, A.C.
    Consultoría, Asesoría y Manejo, S.C.
    Cuenca Los Ojos
    Dallas Zoo
    Ecología y Conservación DHARMA
    El Paso Zoo
    Endangered Species Coalition
    Especies, Sociedad y Hábitat, A.C.
    Evaluación Integral y Restauración de Hábitat
    Fondo Agavero
    Gila Watershed Partnership
    Jaguares en la Sierra
    Judd Foundation
    Malpai Borderlands Group
    Naturalia, A.C.
    Parque Ecológico Chipinque, A.C.
    Polinizador Social para la Conservación y Empoderamiento Rural
    PROFAUNA, A.C.
    Pronatura Noreste, A.C.
    Rio Bravo Restoration
    Southeastern Arizona Bird Observatory
    Southwestern Research Station
    Terra Habitus
    The Nature Conservancy
    Tierra del Jaguar
    Tucson Audubon Society/Tucson Bird Alliance
    Tucson Mission Garden
    World Resources Institute

  • Government

    APRN Distrito de Riego 04 Don Martín-CONANP
    Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna Cañón de Santa Elena
    Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna Maderas del Carmen
    Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna Ocampo
    Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna Sierra La Mojonera
    Arizona Game and Fish Department
    Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas
    Comisión Nacional Forestal
    Consejo Estatal de Flora y Fauna Silvestre de Nuevo León
    Coronado National Forest
    Gila National Forest
    New Mexico Department of Game and Fish
    Parque Nacional Cumbres de Monterrey-CONANP
    Parques y Vida Silvestre de Nuevo León
    Pueblo of Santa Ana
    Reserva de la Biósfera de Janos
    Reserva de la Biósfera Mapimí
    Secretaría de Medio Ambiente de Coahuila
    Secretaría de Medio Ambiente de Nuevo León
    Texas Parks and Wildlife Department
    U.S. Bureau of Land Management
    U.S. Bureau of Land Management Las Cruces District
    U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
    U.S. Forest Service
    U.S. National Park Service

  • Universities

    New Mexico State University
    Northern Arizona University Bat Ecology and Genetics Lab
    Shippensburg University
    Sul Ross State University
    Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León
    University of Arizona
    University of Texas at El Paso

  • Businesses

    Aromas y Flores del Desierto
    El Real de Alamos
    Freeport-McMoRan
    Grupo de Productores La Esperanza
    High Desert Native Plants
    New Leaf Climate Partners
    Siete Coronados Bacanora

  • Networks

    Red de Restauración de Agaves del Noreste de Mexico
    Red de Zonas de Restauración Ecológica de Lobo Mexicano

Restoring agave landscapes isn’t just about saving bats. It’s about healing ecosystems, empowering communities, and strengthening the connections between people and nature. The Agave Restoration Initiative shows what’s possible when people work together to restore keystone species and the habitats they depend on, creating resilient landscapes and shared economic opportunities.

Kristen Lear Agave Restoration Program Director
Drew Beamer